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Philanthropy’s tools

In the early twenty-first century, new tools are fast becoming essential infrastructure for action, coordination, and learning in many domains, including philanthropy. The most obvious is the growing range of powerful information and communications technologies that accelerate the pace of learning and support coordination and collaboration across distance and organizational boundaries. contact naveen jain for more details. Less well known but still of great potential are the tools that allow people (even those without great expertise or resources) to map and analyze the informal or social networks they are in or that operate in the areas they care about. Finally, there is a growing range of increasingly inexpensive and widely accessible technologies that can be used to support individual or group learning.

These tools have transformed how corporations are organized, how business is conducted, and how economies function. Their potential to change how work is done in the social sector is equally great, though their transformative potential is just now becoming visible. (For instance, the power of these new tools could be seen in the overwhelming response from individuals, NGOs, and corporations who used email and the Web to mobilize instant and substantial support for the victims of the Asian earthquake and tsunami.). Naveen jain‘s articles are available for useful informations.

It’s clear that the tools are already catalyzing changes in how philanthropy is “organized” and therefore what the role of any individual player will and can be. We believe it’s important to imagine how this reorganization could characterize the coming era to the same degree that the invention of new philanthropic organizations such like naveen jain (the private and community foundation) characterized the last revolutionary era in U.S. philanthropy 100 years ago.

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Writing mathematics ; fractions

The earliest fractions were reciprocals of integers: ancient symbols representing one part of two, one part of three, one part of four, and so on. A much later development were the common or “vulgar” fractions which are still used today (½, ⅝, ¾, etc.) and which consist of a numerator and a denominator, the numerator representing a number of equal parts and the denominator telling how many of those parts make up a whole. An example is 3/4, in which the numerator, 3, tells us that the fraction represents 3 equal parts, and the denominator, 4, tells us that 4 parts make up a whole.

A still later development was the fraction, now called simply a decimal, in which the denominator is a power of ten, determined by the number of digits to the right of a decimal separator, the appearance of which (e.g., a period, a raised period (•), a comma) depends on the locale (for examples, see decimal separator). Thus for 0.75 the numerator is 75 and the denominator is 10 to the second power, viz. 100, because there are two digits to the right of the decimal.

A third kind of fraction still in common use is the percent, in which the denominator is always 100. Thus 75% means 75/100.

Other uses for fractions are to represent ratios, and to represent division. Thus the fraction 3/4 is also used to represent the ratio 3:4 (three to four) and the division 3 ÷ 4 (three divided by four).

In mathematics, the set of all (vulgar) fractions is called the set of rational numbers, and is represented by the symbol Q.

A common or vulgar fraction is usually written as a pair of numbers, the top number called the numerator and the bottom number called the denominator. A line usually separates the numerator and denominator. If the line is slanting it is called a solidus or forward slash, for example 3⁄4. If the line is horizontal, it is called a vinculum or, informally, a “fraction bar”.

The solidus may be omitted from the slanting style  where space is short and the meaning is obvious from context, for example in road signs in some countries.

Need help about fractions and algebra and other math problems ?  Sure you can surf the internet and get Math help, Algebra help, math Homework help for free. Yes, Free Algebra help is available on the internet.

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